Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: characteristics, interventions and models
Identifieur interne : 000190 ( Canada/Analysis ); précédent : 000189; suivant : 000191Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: characteristics, interventions and models
Auteurs : Merle G. Paule [États-Unis] ; Andrew S. Rowland [États-Unis] ; Sherry A. Ferguson [États-Unis] ; John J. Chelonis [États-Unis] ; Rosemary Tannock [Canada] ; James M. Swanson [États-Unis] ; F. Xavier Castellanos [États-Unis]Source :
- Neurotoxicology and Teratology [ 0892-0362 ] ; 2000.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- topic : épidémiologie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
An epidemiological study of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) suggests that the prevalence may be two to three times higher than the figure of 3–5% often cited. In addition, the data suggest that both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis occur frequently. Rodent animal models of ADHD, like the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) and other rat models such as those with chemical and radiation-induced brain lesions and cerebellar stunting, and the Coloboma mouse model exhibit clear similarities with several aspects of the human disorder and should prove useful in studying specific traits. Operant behavioral tasks that model learning, short-term memory and simple discriminations are sensitive to ADHD and methylphenidate has been shown to normalize ADHD performance in a short-term memory task. Recent findings challenge not only the current postulate that response inhibition is a unique deficit in ADHD, but also the concepts of ADHD and its treatment, which presume intact perceptual abilities. Time perception deficits may account, in part, for the excessive variability in motor response times on speeded reaction time tasks, motor control problems and motor clumsiness associated with ADHD. The Multimodality Treatment Study of ADHD (MTA) provided data suggesting that pharmacological interventions that included systematic and frequent follow-up with parents and teachers, with or without psychosocial interventions, are superior to psychosocial interventions or standard community care alone. Additionally, the MTA was one of the first studies to demonstrate benefits of multimodal and pharmacological interventions lasting longer than 1 year. Imaging studies have demonstrated differences in brain areas in children with ADHD: anterior corpus callosum, right anterior white matter, and cerebellar volumes are all decreased in children with ADHD and there is less brain asymmetry in ADHD subjects. Additionally, functional imaging studies, coupled with pharmacological manipulations, suggest decreased blood flow and energy utilization in prefrontal cortex and striatum and the dysregulation of catecholamine systems in persons with ADHD.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0892-0362(00)00095-7
Affiliations:
- Canada, États-Unis
- Arkansas, Californie, Caroline du Nord, Maryland, Ontario
- Toronto
- Université de Toronto
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ISTEX:4B4DF0D930A18CB563C7A804CDA5DFF36B1B4AA9Le document en format XML
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Additionally, functional imaging studies, coupled with pharmacological manipulations, suggest decreased blood flow and energy utilization in prefrontal cortex and striatum and the dysregulation of catecholamine systems in persons with ADHD.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Arkansas</li><li>Californie</li><li>Caroline du Nord</li><li>Maryland</li><li>Ontario</li></region><settlement><li>Toronto</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Toronto</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Arkansas"><name sortKey="Paule, Merle G" sort="Paule, Merle G" uniqKey="Paule M" first="Merle G" last="Paule">Merle G. Paule</name></region><name sortKey="Castellanos, F Xavier" sort="Castellanos, F Xavier" uniqKey="Castellanos F" first="F. Xavier" last="Castellanos">F. Xavier Castellanos</name><name sortKey="Chelonis, John J" sort="Chelonis, John J" uniqKey="Chelonis J" first="John J" last="Chelonis">John J. Chelonis</name><name sortKey="Ferguson, Sherry A" sort="Ferguson, Sherry A" uniqKey="Ferguson S" first="Sherry A" last="Ferguson">Sherry A. Ferguson</name><name sortKey="Rowland, Andrew S" sort="Rowland, Andrew S" uniqKey="Rowland A" first="Andrew S" last="Rowland">Andrew S. Rowland</name><name sortKey="Swanson, James M" sort="Swanson, James M" uniqKey="Swanson J" first="James M" last="Swanson">James M. Swanson</name></country><country name="Canada"><region name="Ontario"><name sortKey="Tannock, Rosemary" sort="Tannock, Rosemary" uniqKey="Tannock R" first="Rosemary" last="Tannock">Rosemary Tannock</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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